Last week we talked about Christianity being something that can’t be “proved scientifically,” because it is simply not a repeatable event. However, we can use the “legal-historical” proof, where we show that something is fact beyond a reasonable doubt. This proof depends on three types of testimony: oral testimony, written testimony, and exhibits. Let’s see what conclusions the Legal-Historical proof leads us to as we consider the case for Christianity.
Let’s consider the Written Testimony (The Bible).What are some classic pieces of literature that are more than 1000 years old? How do we know that they are accurate – that we now have what was originally written? What are the tests to apply to any piece of literature of history to determine if it’s reliable?
Bibliographical Test – an examination of the textual transmission by which documents reach us. Not having the original, how reliable are the copies? What is the time interval between the original and the surviving copies?
**Aristotle wrote his poetics around 343BC, but the earliest copy we have is dated 1100AD. There are only 5 manuscripts in existence.
**Caesar wrote the history of the Gallic Wars between 58 and 50BC, and we only have 10 copies dating 1000 years after his death.
**Over 20,000 copies of NT manuscripts are in existence, with most of them being written within the first 100 years of Christ being on this earth.
**The next best manuscript authority is the Iliad, which has 643 manuscripts.
We can have confidence that the text that we now have is what was originally recorded.
Internal Evidence Test – Is the written record credible? One must listen to the documents claims and determine if there are known contradictions or factual inaccuracies. This “ability to tell the truth” is closely related to the witness’s nearness both geographically and chronologically to the events recorded. When people tell lies to cover up lies, sooner or later they will make a mistake.
External Evidence Test – Whether other historical material confirms or denies the internal testimony of the document itself. Josephus, Papias, Irenaeus – all are historians who agree with the facts laid out in the Bible, even if not all agree with the conclusions that Jesus is God. Archeology also continues to validate the Bible claims over and over again!
What about Oral Testimony?What is a good definition of “history?” “A knowledge of the past based upon testimony.”
Do you believe that Napoleon lived? Why? You are relying on testimony!
Can we trust the oral testimony of the apostles?
-When the apostles wrote or spoke, they did so as eyewitnesses!
-The apostles were thoroughly convinced that Jesus was raised from the dead!
-Their bold conduct (from total cowards!) is a convincing proof!
What do we do with the Resurrection?It would appear that the Legal-Historical proofs are quite convincing, indicating that Jesus did indeed live on this earth, he was crucified, and he actually did rise from the dead.
What are the implications of the Resurrection?
The resurrection radically transformed the way of thinking of the early Christians.
To the Jews in Jesus day, resurrection meant
the anticipated end of history! The dead would rise and be judged, the will of God would be fully, finally, and clearly revealed. The meaning of history would only be fully know at its end.
So, consider this: Jesus death and resurrection was experienced as the fulfillment of history, the decisive even of the last day, the revelation of god’s will once and for all. Even though history continued after Jesus rose, there was an understanding with the early Christians that through their meeting with the risen Lord, they were already in touch with the end time, and therefore with the meaning of universal history!
Christians understood their lives as fundamentally altered in relations to the resurrection. They concluded that in Jesus’ resurrection the end is already present! Thus the will of God is finally revealed. To be “in Christ” is to already share in the events of the last days.
Thus the resurrection discloses nothing les than the final revelation of the will of God in history. The resurrection, therefore, is not just a past event, but that which presents personal encounter with the living God now.
So what does the resurrection mean?
-Liberation from the power of sin and death.
-A seal and confirmation of Christ’s saving activity on the cross.
-A transformation of the early Christians’ view of the Sabbath.
-Help in understanding the meaning of the whole of history.
-It ratified Jesus’ messianic teaching for the early Christians.
-That Christ’s triumphant resurrection makes our own possible.
Read 1 Corinthians 15 for more thoughts.